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沙发
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发表于 2011-10-15 22:00:53
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1515年9月13日至14日,法国和瑞士在法国的马里尼安进行了两天激烈的争夺战。战斗证明,这种改进后的法国野炮性能优良。法国用这种炮击败了瑞士,取得了决定性的胜利。瑞士在称霸欧洲战场一个多世纪后初次遭到这样严重的挫折,不得不立即跟法国议和。这次和平一直延续到二又三分之二个世纪之后的法国大革命时期。 <br /> 但是,16世纪炮兵武器的发展却没有能够跟得上轻型兵器发展的步伐。主要原因是炮兵还无法使炮既具有很高的机动性,同时又做到十分可靠,而且射程又远。人们早就知道,要使炮做到射程远、精确、破坏力(或称杀伤力)大,那末最好炮的长度必须是炮的口径的20倍或20倍以上(即炮管长度是膛径的20倍),同时炮管的管壁要厚,以承受装药量大的炮弹爆炸所产生的巨大压力。管壁较薄的炮和装药量较少的炮弹虽然也能发射同样重的弹丸,但是,精确度和射程要打很大的折扣。因此即使是最轻型的炮,仍然很不灵便,移动很困难,需要很长时间才能做好发射准备工作。 <br /> 由于当时的炮具有这些缺点,因此,15世纪末,法国在野炮方面所取得的优势很快被西班牙在步兵轻武器以及步兵战术方面的惊人改良所抵消了。法国的优势反而变成了劣势,结果在16世纪里炮的重要性大大降低了。只是在攻防堡垒和海军作战中有一点用处。尽管当时的一些大的战役还都用到了炮,但在意大利拉文纳的一场激战之后,一般情况下轻武器成了战争胜负中更具决定性的因素。 <br /> 就在这一时期,法国在炮的制造和应用技术上的优势被更能干的德国枪炮制造者和炮兵取代了。接着,西班牙人又很快夺取了这一优势。在16世纪的大部分年代里,跟军事科学的其它多数领域里一样,西班牙在造炮技术方面始终占据着明显的优势。 <br /> 炮的制造者不断对炮的新型设计、炮膛直径、炮管管壁内的厚度、炮弹的炸药装填量和弹丸重量的综合性能进行多方面的验证。结果造成炮的型号繁杂多样,使弹药的供应成了一个极重的负担,因此,炮在野战中的重要性也降低了。为了改变这一局面,16世纪中期前不久,西班牙王查理五世下令将所有帝国制造的炮标准化为七种型号。不久法王亨利二世也效仿西班牙,将法国炮规定为六种标准型号。但是炮的试制工作仍在继续进行着,在原有标准型号基础上,又增加了许多新的型号,不过,总算比以前更有系统更有计划了一些。(见表2)当时各国有许多炮是仿照西班牙的设计而制造的,但国与国之间炮的型号一直各不相同。 <br /> 到了17世纪,炮的生产技术进步如此之大,以致于在后来将近两个世纪的时间里,炮的射程、威力以及炮的主要型号基本上没有大的改变。这时炮的改进主要限于机动性的提高,编制的改良,战术以及射击技术等方面。 <br /> 这一时期,炮兵武器开始组合成作为现代化炮兵原型的三种主要类型:第一类是长炮型,相当于现代的火炮;第二类是加农炮,即榴弹炮的原型;第三类是一种炮管管壁较薄,弹道较高的炮(根据其特性可叫做不同的名称,如射石炮或迫击炮等),即现代迫击炮的雏型。 <br /> 长炮类似于现代的野战火炮,其炮管较长(约为口径的30倍),炮弹初速较快,因此它的弹道低平,射程远,精确度较高。为使炮弹达到所需的初速,又不引起炮管爆炸杀伤炮手,因此长炮的炮管都很厚,造成炮的重量很大,机动性较差。因此大口径长炮只能用于攻城作战。 <br /> 第二种类型的炮,其炮身较轻较短,用来发射较重的弹丸,但射程较近。这种炮虽然牺牲了射程和精确性,却换来了较大的机动性,又不降低它的威力。这就是所谓的加农炮。它的炮管长度约为口径的20倍,大致相当于现代的榴弹炮。但是,早期加农炮的机动性甚至还不如长炮,有的实际上比最大的长炮还要庞大而笨重。 <br />
<table style=\"WIDTH: 547pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"728\">
<colgroup>
<col style=\"WIDTH: 62pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2656\" width=\"83\" />
<col style=\"WIDTH: 74pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 3136\" width=\"98\" />
<col style=\"WIDTH: 86pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 3648\" width=\"114\" />
<col style=\"WIDTH: 73pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 3104\" width=\"97\" />
<col style=\"WIDTH: 83pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 3520\" width=\"110\" />
<col style=\"WIDTH: 107pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 4576\" width=\"143\" />
<col style=\"WIDTH: 62pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2656\" width=\"83\" />
<tbody>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f0f3fa; WIDTH: 547pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl69\" height=\"19\" width=\"728\" colspan=\"7\"><a href=\"java script:showNote(%22此表引自R·E·杜普伊和T·N·杜普伊所著的《军事史全书》(1977年纽约哈泼和罗出版社出版)。%22,%22——注%22);\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 楷体, monospace; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: 700; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-font-charset: 134\">表2 十六世纪各种炮的性能一览表 [注]</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f0f3fa; WIDTH: 547pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl68\" height=\"19\" width=\"728\" colspan=\"7\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">表中所列只是象征性的近似数据,材料也不完整,且有混乱和矛盾现象</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0d0d0d; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl65\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:楷体;color:#f2f2f2;\"><strong>名称</strong></span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0d0d0d; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl65\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:楷体;color:#f2f2f2;\"><strong>炮重(磅)</strong></span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0d0d0d; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl65\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:楷体;color:#f2f2f2;\"><strong>弹重(磅)</strong></span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0d0d0d; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl65\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:楷体;color:#f2f2f2;\"><strong>口径(英寸)</strong></span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0d0d0d; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl65\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:楷体;color:#f2f2f2;\"><strong>炮长(英尺)</strong></span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0d0d0d; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl65\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:楷体;color:#f2f2f2;\"><strong>直射距离或有效射程(码)</strong></span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0d0d0d; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl65\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:楷体;color:#f2f2f2;\"><strong>最大射程(码)</strong></span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f0f3fa; WIDTH: 547pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl69\" height=\"19\" width=\"728\" colspan=\"7\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">第一类:长炮(炮的长度为25-44倍口径)</span></strong></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">艾斯梅里小炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl71\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">200</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">0.3</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">1</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">2.5</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">200</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl74\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">750</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">蛇形发火器</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl71\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">400</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">0.5</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">1.5</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">3</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">250</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">1,000</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"19\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">小隼炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl71\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">500</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">1</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">2</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">3.7</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">280</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">1,500</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"19\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">鹰炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl71\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">800</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">3</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">2.5</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">6</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">400</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">2,500</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">米宁轻型长炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">1,000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">6</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">3.3</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">6.5</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">450</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">3,500</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">帕萨伏朗特炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">3,000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">6</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">3.3</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">10</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl77\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">1,000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">4,500</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"19\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">赛寇炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">1,600</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">9</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">4</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">6.9</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">500</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">4,000</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">非标准长炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">3,000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">12</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">4.6</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">8.5</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">600</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">4,000</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"19\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">半长炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">3,400</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">10</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">4.2</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">8.5</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">850</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">5,000</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"19\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">长炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">4,800</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">18</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">5.2</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">11</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl77\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">1,700</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">6,700</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">特大型长炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">7,000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">32</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">6.5</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">16</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl77\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">2,000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">7,000</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f0f3fa; WIDTH: 547pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl69\" height=\"19\" width=\"728\" colspan=\"7\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">第二类:加农炮(炮的长度为15-28倍口径)</span></strong></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">四开加农炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl71\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">2000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">12</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">4.6</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">7</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">400</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl74\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">2000</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">半长加农炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl71\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">4000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">32</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">6.5</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">11</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">450</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">2,500</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">非标准加农炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl71\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">4500</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">42</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">7</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">10</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">400</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">2,000</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">蛇形加农炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl71\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">6000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">42</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">7</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">12</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">500</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">3,000</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"19\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">加农炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">7,000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">50</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">8</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">13</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">600</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">3,500</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">大型加农炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">8,000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">60</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">8.5</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">12</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl77\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">750</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">4,000</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"19\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">蛇炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">12,000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">90</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">10</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">10</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">750</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">4,000</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f0f3fa; WIDTH: 547pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl69\" height=\"19\" width=\"728\" colspan=\"7\"><a href=\"java script:showNote(%22射石炮种类很多,但长度一般为10至15倍口径,弹重最多为50磅。迫击炮长度为3至5倍口径,弹重最多为200磅。%22,%22——注%22);\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 楷体, monospace; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: 700; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-font-charset: 134\">第三类:射石炮和迫击炮 [注]</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 28.5pt\" height=\"38\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"38\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">中型射石炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">3,000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">30</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">10</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">9</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">500</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl74\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">2500</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"19\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">中型臼炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">1,500</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">30</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">6.3</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">2</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">300</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">750</span></td></tr>
<tr style=\"HEIGHT: 14.25pt\" height=\"19\">
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d8d8d8; WIDTH: 62pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl70\" height=\"19\" width=\"83\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:楷体;\">重型臼炮</span></strong></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bfbfbf; WIDTH: 74pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl76\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">10,000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5a5a5; WIDTH: 86pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"114\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">200</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; WIDTH: 73pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl67\" width=\"97\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">15</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f2dddc; WIDTH: 83pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl72\" width=\"110\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">6</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6b9b8; WIDTH: 107pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl73\" width=\"143\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">1000</span></td>
<td style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d99795; WIDTH: 62pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid\" class=\"xl75\" width=\"83\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;\">2,000</span></td></tr></tbody></colgroup></table>就象15世纪胡斯的拥护者和法国军队所做的那样,轻型加农炮可以装在马拉的四轮车架上,很容易运到战场上的阵地。最初,炮必须放在现场制作的炮座或炮架上,一旦战斗开始,炮就无法移动。后来发明了带牵引杆的两轮炮车(不久又发明了炮耳,这样不必移动整个炮身就可以使炮管升降),这就是现代野炮的开始。 <br /> 粒状火药的发明加上炮管的延长,提高了炮弹的速度和射击的精确度。但是,炮管延长后,炮的重量也随之增加,这就妨碍了大型加农炮在战场上的应用。 <br /> 17世纪初,聪敏的士兵显然感到需要这样一种野炮,它既要有加农炮那样远的射程和那样高的精确度,又要有14至15世纪的射石炮(见表2)那样好的机动性。荷兰率先研制成功了这样的一种新式兵器,这就是人们所知的榴弹炮。到了17世纪末,它成了欧洲各国军队标准化的炮兵武器。 <br /> 榴弹炮是一种炮管较短、口径较大、装在两轮炮车上的野炮。这种炮的架尾很短,因此,射角比较大,它的炮管要比长炮或火炮短而轻,比迫击炮长。这样,弹道就更加低伸,精确度也更高了。榴弹炮的优点在于它的攻击火力更强,炮身更轻,因此机动性更大。在可以用炮弹袭击和需要扫清障碍的地方,榴弹炮(跟迫击炮一样)由于弹道适宜,因此比使用加农炮更加优越。 <br /> 从黑火药时期一开始,人们就知道短炮管的迫击炮能以抛物线弹道发射弹体。由于迫击炮能够发射炸裂弹,它的抛物线弹道能使炮弹越过城墙这样的防御物,击中弹药库、兵营以及后备队等目标,因此在攻城作战中变得十分重要。迫击炮的主要优点是炮管短,炮管的管壁薄(可能是由于炸药装填量少的缘故),因此重量轻,机动性大,缺点是射程短,精确度低。 <br /> 迫击炮的大小尺寸不一,有的很大,有的却小得只能用来抛掷手榴弹。它的炮口较大,炮管较短,可以固定在一个方形底座上。炮管与底座之间有时是固定的45度角,有时角度可以调节。17和18世纪有一种颇负盛名的炮,名叫科霍恩,1673年由巴伦·科霍恩发明,它能发射重达24磅的炮弹。还有一种重达几吨的巨型攻城炮,能发射直径10至12英寸的炮弹。 <br /> |
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